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Annual celebration on ane April

April Fools' Mean solar day
Aprilsnar 2001.png

An April Fools' Day prank marker the construction of the Copenhagen Metro in 2001
Too called April Fool'southward Day
Type Cultural, Western
Significance Practical jokes, pranks
Observances Comedy
Appointment 1 April
Side by side time i April 2022 (2022-04-01)
Frequency Annual

April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day is an annual custom on 1 April consisting of practical jokes and hoaxes. Jokesters often expose their actions past shouting "April Fools!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved in these pranks, which may exist revealed as such the following day. The day is not a public holiday in whatever country except Odessa, Ukraine, where the first of April is an official city holiday.[one] The custom of setting aside a twenty-four hour period for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbour has been relatively common in the world historically.[2]

Origins [edit]

An 1857 ticket to "Washing the Lions" at the Tower of London in London. No such result ever took place.

A disputed clan between ane April and foolishness is in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (1392).[3] In the "Nun's Priest'south Tale", a vain erect Chauntecleer is tricked by a fob on "Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two",[4] i.e. 32 days since March began, which is i April.[5] Notwithstanding, it is not clear that Chaucer was referencing 1 April since the text of the "Nun'southward Priest's Tale" as well states that the story takes place on the mean solar day when the sun is "in the signe of Taurus had y-runne Twenty degrees and one", which would non be 1 Apr. Modern scholars believe that at that place is a copying error in the extant manuscripts and that Chaucer actually wrote, "Syn March was gon".[half-dozen] If so, the passage would have originally meant 32 days after March, i.e. two May,[7] the ceremony of the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia, which took place in 1381.

In 1508, French poet Eloy d'Amerval referred to a poisson d'avril (April fool, literally "April's fish"), possibly the outset reference to the celebration in France.[eight] Some writers suggest that April Fools' originated because, in the Middle Ages, New year's day was celebrated on 25 March in most European towns,[nine] with a holiday that in some areas of France, specifically, ended on 1 April,[10] [xi] and those who celebrated New year's day'due south Eve on ane January made fun of those who celebrated on other dates past the invention of Apr Fools' Solar day.[10] [ better source needed ] The utilize of 1 January as New year's day became common in France but in the mid-16th century,[7] and that date was not adopted officially until 1564, by the Edict of Roussillon, when France switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, every bit chosen for during the Council of Trent in 1563.[12]

In 1561, Flemish poet Eduard de Dene wrote of a nobleman who sent his servants on foolish errands on 1 April.[7]

In the Netherlands, the origin of Apr Fools' Twenty-four hour period is often attributed to the Dutch victory in 1572 at Brielle, where the Castilian Duke Álvarez de Toledo was defeated. "Op 1 april verloor Alva zijn bril" is a Dutch proverb, which can exist translated equally: "On the outset of April, Alva lost his glasses". In this case, "bril" ("glasses" in Dutch) serves as a homonym for Brielle. This theory, however, provides no explanation for the international celebration of April Fools' Day.

In 1686, John Aubrey referred to the celebration equally "Fooles holy day", the first British reference.[vii] On one April 1698, several people were tricked into going to the Belfry of London to "run across the Lions washed".[7]

Although no biblical scholar or historian is known to take mentioned a human relationship, some have expressed the belief that the origins of April Fools' Day may become back to the Genesis alluvion narrative. In a 1908 edition of the Harper's Weekly cartoonist Bertha R. McDonald wrote:

Authorities gravely back with information technology to the time of Noah and the ark. The London Public Advertiser of March 13, 1769, printed: "The mistake of Noah sending the dove out of the ark earlier the water had abated, on the starting time twenty-four hours of April, and to perpetuate the retention of this deliverance information technology was thought proper, whoever forgot so remarkable a circumstance, to punish them past sending them upon some sleeveless errand similar to that ineffectual message upon which the bird was sent by the patriarch".[2]

Long-standing community [edit]

Uk [edit]

On Apr Fools' Mean solar day 1980, the BBC announced Big Ben'due south clock face up was going digital and whoever got in touch on first could win the clock hands.[5]

In the UK, an Apr Fool prank is sometimes afterward revealed by shouting "April fool!" at the recipient, who becomes the "Apr fool". A study in the 1950s, by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, establish that in the Great britain, and in countries whose traditions derived from the UK, the joking ceased at midday.[thirteen] This continues to be the practice, with the custom ceasing at apex, after which fourth dimension it is no longer acceptable to play pranks.[14] Thus a person playing a prank after midday is considered the "Apr fool" themselves.[15]

In Scotland, April Fools' Mean solar day was originally called "Huntigowk Solar day".[13] The name is a corruption of "hunt the gowk", gowk beingness Scots for a cuckoo or a foolish person; alternative terms in Gaelic would be Là na Gocaireachd, "gowking mean solar day", or Là Ruith na Cuthaige, "the day of running the cuckoo". The traditional prank is to ask someone to deliver a sealed message that supposedly requests help of some sort. In fact, the message reads "Dinna laugh, dinna smile. Chase the gowk another mile." The recipient, upon reading it, will explain they can merely help if they kickoff contact another person, and they send the victim to this next person with an identical message, with the same result.[13]

In England a "fool" is known by a few different names effectually the country, including "noodle", "gob", "gobby", or "noddy".

Ireland [edit]

In Ireland, it was traditional to entrust the victim with an "of import alphabetic character" to exist given to a named person. That person would read the letter, then ask the victim to take it to someone else, and so on. The letter of the alphabet when opened contained the words "send the fool further".[16]

Prima aprilis in Poland [edit]

In Poland, prima aprilis ("Beginning April" in Latin) as a twenty-four hour period of pranks is a centuries-long tradition. It is a day when many pranks are played: hoaxes – sometimes very sophisticated – are prepared past people, media (which ofttimes cooperate to make the "data" more credible) and fifty-fifty public institutions. Serious activities are usually avoided, and generally every discussion said on ane April could be untrue. The confidence for this is so strong that the Polish anti-Turkish alliance with Leopold I signed on one April 1683, was backdated to 31 March.[17] However, for some in Poland prima aprilis ends at noon of ane April and prima aprilis jokes subsequently that hr are considered inappropriate and not classy.

Nordic countries [edit]

Danes, Finns, Icelanders, Norwegians and Swedes celebrate Apr Fools' Twenty-four hour period (aprilsnar in Danish; aprillipäivä in Finnish; aprilskämt in Swedish). Most news media outlets volition publish exactly one false story on 1 Apr; for newspapers this will typically be a first-page commodity but non the top headline.[18]

April fish [edit]

In Italy, French republic, Belgium and French-speaking areas of Switzerland and Canada, the 1 April tradition is often known as "April fish" (poisson d'avril in French, april vis in Dutch or pesce d'aprile in Italian). Possible pranks include attempting to attach a paper fish to the victim's back without being noticed. This fish feature is prominently present on many belatedly 19th- to early on 20th-century French Apr Fools' Twenty-four hour period postcards. Many newspapers as well spread a faux story on April Fish Solar day, and a subtle reference to a fish is sometimes given as a clue to the fact that it is an April Fools' prank.[ citation needed ]

Germany [edit]

Ukraine [edit]

April Fools' Day is widely celebrated in Odessa and has the special local name Humorina - in Ukrainian Гуморина (Humorina). This vacation arose in 1973.[nineteen] An April Fool prank is revealed by saying "Первое Апреля, никому не верю" ("Pervoye Aprelya, nikomu ne veryu") - which means "April the Commencement, I trust nobody" - to the recipient. The festival includes a large parade in the city centre, free concerts, street fairs and performances. Festival participants dress up in a variety of costumes and walk around the urban center fooling around and pranking passersby. I of the traditions on April Fools' Day is to dress up the main urban center monument in funny clothes. Humorina even has its own logo — a cheerful sailor in lifebelt — whose author was the artist Arkady Tsykun.[xx] During the festival, special souvenirs bearing the logo are printed and sold everywhere. Since 2010, Apr Fools' Day celebrations include an International Clown Festival and both celebrated as i. In 2019, the festival was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Odessa Film Studio and all events were held with an accent on cinema.[21]

Lebanon [edit]

In Lebanon, an Apr Fool prank is revealed by maxim كذبة أول نيسان (which ways "First of April Lie") to the recipient.

Spanish-speaking countries [edit]

In many Spanish-speaking countries (and the Philippines), "Día de los Santos Inocentes" (Holy Innocents Twenty-four hours) is a festivity which is very similar to Apr Fools' Day, just it is historic in belatedly December (27, 28 or 29 depending on the location).[ citation needed ]

Israel [edit]

State of israel has adopted the custom of pranking on April Fools' Day.[22]

Pranks [edit]

An April Fools' Day prank in Boston's Public Garden warning people non to photograph sculptures, every bit lite emitted volition "erode the sculptures"

As well as people playing pranks on one another on Apr Fools' Day, elaborate pranks accept appeared on radio and Goggle box stations, newspapers, and websites, and have been performed by large corporations. In one famous prank in 1957, the BBC broadcast a film in their Panorama current affairs series purporting to testify Swiss farmers picking freshly-grown spaghetti, in what they called the Swiss spaghetti harvest. The BBC was before long flooded with requests to buy a spaghetti plant, forcing them to declare the film a hoax on the news the next day.[23]

With the appearance of the Internet and readily available global news services, April Fools' pranks tin can take hold of and embarrass a wider audition than e'er before.[24]

Comparable prank days [edit]

28 December [edit]

28 Dec, the equivalent mean solar day in Spain and Hispanic America, is as well the Christian day of celebration of the Day of the Holy Innocents. The Christian celebration is a religious holiday in its own right, only the tradition of pranks is not, though the latter is observed yearly. In some regions of Hispanic America later on a prank is played, the weep is made, "Inocente palomita que te dejaste engañar" ("You innocent little dove that permit yourself be fooled!"; not to be dislocated with another meaning of palomita, which ways "popcorn" in some dialects).

In Argentina, the prankster says, "¡Que la inocencia te valga!" which roughly translates equally advice to non be as gullible as the victim of the prank. In Spain, information technology is common to say just "¡Inocente!" (which in Castilian tin mean "innocent" or "gullible").[25]

In Republic of colombia, the term is used every bit "Pásala por Inocentes", which roughly ways: "Let it get; today it'due south Innocent's Twenty-four hour period."

In Belgium, this day is besides known every bit the "Twenty-four hour period of the Innocent Children" or "Day of the Stupid Children". It used to be a day where parents, grandparents, and teachers would fool the children in some fashion. But the celebration of this day has died out in favour of April Fools' Day.

Nevertheless, on the Castilian isle of Menorca, Dia d'enganyar ("Fooling twenty-four hours") is celebrated on 1 April because Menorca was a British possession during part of the 18th century. In Brazil, the "Dia da mentira" ("Day of the lie") is too celebrated on 1 April[25] due to the Portuguese influence.

First solar day of a new month [edit]

In many English-speaking countries, mainly U.k., Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Southward Africa, it is a custom to say "pinch and a dial for the start of the calendar month" or an alternative, typically by children. The victim might respond with "a motion-picture show and a kicking for being so quick", and the assaulter might reply with "a punch in the eye for beingness and then sly".[26]

Some other custom in United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and North America is to say "rabbit rabbit" upon waking on the get-go twenty-four hours of a calendar month, for good luck.[27]

Reception [edit]

The practice of April Fool pranks and hoaxes is controversial.[15] [28] The mixed opinions of critics are epitomized in the reception to the 1957 BBC "spaghetti-tree hoax", in reference to which, newspapers were separate over whether it was "a great joke or a terrible hoax on the public".[29]

The positive view is that Apr Fools' can be good for one's health considering it encourages "jokes, hoaxes ... pranks, [and] belly laughs", and brings all the benefits of laughter including stress relief and reducing strain on the heart.[30] In that location are many "all-time of" April Fools' Day lists that are compiled in order to showcase the best examples of how the day is celebrated.[31] Various April Fools' campaigns have been praised for their innovation, creativity, writing, and full general effort.[32]

The negative view describes Apr Fools' hoaxes as "creepy and manipulative", "rude" and "a petty bit nasty", every bit well equally based on Schadenfreude and deceit.[28] When genuine news or a genuine of import gild or warning is issued on April Fools' Day, there is gamble that it will be misinterpreted equally a joke and ignored – for instance, when Google, known to play elaborate Apr Fools' Day hoaxes, announced the launch of Gmail with 1-gigabyte inboxes in 2004, an era when competing webmail services offered 4-megabytes or less, many dismissed it as a joke outright.[33] [34] On the other mitt, sometimes stories intended as jokes are taken seriously. Either way, there tin can exist adverse effects, such as confusion,[35] misinformation, waste of resources (especially when the hoax concerns people in danger) and even legal or commercial consequences.[36] [37]

In Thailand, the police warned ahead of the April Fools' in 2021 that posting or sharing fake news online could lead to maximum of five years imprisonment.[38]

Other examples of 18-carat news on one April mistaken as a hoax include:

  • 1 April 1946: Warnings well-nigh the Aleutian Island earthquake'southward tsunami that killed 165 people in Hawaii and Alaska.
  • 1 April 2004: Gmail is announced to the public by Google.[39]
  • one April 2005: News that the comedian Mitch Hedberg had died on 29 March 2005.
  • 1 April 2005: Announcement most Powerpuff Girls Z, by Aniplex, Drawing Network and Toei Blitheness.[twoscore]
  • ane April 2009: Announcement that the long running soap opera Guiding Light was existence cancelled.
  • 1 April 2011: Isaiah Thomas alleged for the NBA typhoon.[41]

In popular culture [edit]

Books, films, telemovies and television episodes have used April Fools' 24-hour interval every bit their title or inspiration. Examples include Bryce Courtenay'southward novel April Fool's Day (1993), whose title refers to the twenty-four hours Courtenay'south son died. The 1990s sitcom Roseanne featured an episode titled "April Fools' Solar day". This turned out to be intentionally misleading, every bit the episode was near Tax Day in the United States on 15 April – the terminal day to submit the previous year's tax data. Although Tax Day is usually 15 April as depicted in the episode, it can be moved back a few days if that day is on a weekend or a holiday in Washington, D.C. or some states, or due to natural disasters when it tin occur as late as 15 July.

See also [edit]

  • Banquet of Fools, a similar medieval festival
  • List of April Fools' Twenty-four hour period jokes
  • List of practical joke topics
  • Veneralia

References [edit]

  1. ^ "1 апреля будет в Одессе выходным днем" [1 Apr becomes a holiday in Odessa]. ФАКТЫ (in Russian). 23 March 2003.
  2. ^ a b McDonald, Bertha R. (7 March 1908). "The Oldest Custom in the World". Harper's Weekly. Vol. 52, no. 2672. p. 26.
  3. ^ Ashley Ross (31 March 2016). "No Kidding: We Have No Idea How April Fools' Day Started". Time . Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  4. ^ The Canterbury Tales, "The Nun's Priest'due south Tale" - "Chaucer in the Twenty-Outset Century", Academy of Maine at Machias, 21 September 2007
  5. ^ a b "April Fool'south Twenty-four hour period 2021: how Chaucer, calendar defoliation and Hilaria led to jokes and fake news". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  6. ^ Travis, Peter W. (1997). "Chaucer'due south Chronographiae, the Confounded Reader, and Fourteenth-Century Measurements of Time". In Poster, Ballad; Utz, Richard J. (eds.). Constructions of Time in the Late Middle Ages. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN0-8101-1541-7.
  7. ^ a b c d east Boese, Alex (2008). "The Origin of Apr Fool's Day". Museum of Hoaxes.
  8. ^ Eloy d'Amerval, Le Livre de la Deablerie, Librairie Droz, p. 70. (1991). "De maint homme et de mainte fame, poisson d'Apvril vien tost a moy."
  9. ^ Groves, Marsha, Manners and Customs in the Middle Ages, p. 27 (2005).
  10. ^ a b "April Fools' Twenty-four hours". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved iv April 2013.
  11. ^ Santino, Jack (1972). All around the year: holidays and celebrations in American life. University of Illinois Press. p. 97. ISBN978-0-252-06516-three.
  12. ^ "Apr Fools' Day". History.com. thirty March 2017.
  13. ^ a b c Opie, Iona & Peter (1960). The Lore and Linguistic communication of Schoolchildren. Oxford University Press. pp. 245–46. ISBN0-940322-69-2.
  14. ^ Office, Neat Britain: Domicile (2017). Life in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland: a guide for new residents (2014 ed.). Stationery Office. ISBN9780113413409.
  15. ^ a b Archie Bland (1 April 2009). "The Big Question: How did the April Fool's Mean solar day tradition brainstorm, and what are the best tricks?". The Contained . Retrieved iv April 2013.
  16. ^ Haggerty, Bridget. "April Fool's Twenty-four hour period". Irish Civilization and Customs . Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  17. ^ "Origin of April Fools' Day". The Limited Tribune. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  18. ^ "April Fool'south Twenty-four hour period: 8 Interesting Things And Hoaxes You Didn't Know". International Concern Times . Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  19. ^ Sinelnikova, Alexandra (1 April 2019). "Humorina time". Odessitclub.
  20. ^ "Main festival in Odessa". 2019.
  21. ^ "Odessa celebrates Humorine. Picture story". ane April 2019.
  22. ^ Adam, Soclof (31 March 2011). "From the JTA Archive: April Fools' Day lessons for Jewish pranksters". Jewish Telegraph Agency. JTA. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  23. ^ "Swiss Spaghetti Harvest". Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  24. ^ Moran, Rob (iv April 2014). "NPR's Vivid April Fools' Mean solar day Prank Was Sadly Lost On Much Of The Net". Retrieved 6 Apr 2014.
  25. ^ a b "Avui és el Dia d'Enganyar a Menorca" [Today is Fooling Day on Minorca] (in Catalan). Vilaweb. 1 April 2003. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  26. ^ "compression and a dial for the kickoff of the month - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org . Retrieved eleven May 2020.
  27. ^ Willingham, AJ (July 2019). "Rabbit rabbit! Why people say this good-luck phrase at the get-go of the month". CNN . Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b Doll, Jen (1 April 2013). "Is April Fools' Day the Worst Vacation? – Yahoo News". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 1 Apr 2014.
  29. ^ "Is this the best April Fool's ever?". BBC News . Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  30. ^ "Why April Fools' Day is Skilful For Your Health – Wellness News and Views". News.Health.com. 1 April 2013. Retrieved i Apr 2014.
  31. ^ "April Fools: the all-time online pranks | SBS News". Sbs.com.au. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  32. ^ "April Fool's Day: A Global Practise". aljazirahnews. 1 April 2019. Retrieved eight Apr 2019.
  33. ^ Harry McCracken (1 Apr 2013). "Google's Greatest April Fools' Hoax Ever (Hint: It Wasn't a Hoax)". Time. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  34. ^ Lisa Baertlein (one April 2004). "Google: 'Gmail' no joke, only lunar jobs are". Reuters. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  35. ^ Woods, Michael (ii April 2013). "Brazeau tweets his resignation on April Fool's Day, causing confusion – National". Globalnews.ca. Retrieved ane April 2014.
  36. ^ Hasham, Nicole (3 April 2013). "ASIC to look into prank Metgasco email from schoolgirl Kudra Falla-Ricketts". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  37. ^ "Justin Bieber'south Believe album hijacked by DJ Paz". The Sydney Morning Herald. three April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  38. ^ "Phuket News: Constabulary warn of prison house terms for April Fool'south stories". The Phuket News. i April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  39. ^ Horton, Alex. "When Gmail Was Commencement Announced, People Thought It Was an April Fools' Joke". ScienceAlert . Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Powerpuff Girls Z Debut".
  41. ^ Gould, Andrew. "Isaiah Thomas Laughs at Doubters on Apr Fools' Day". Bleacher Report . Retrieved 8 November 2020.

Farther reading [edit]

  • Wainwright, Martin (2007). The Guardian Book of April Fool'due south Twenty-four hour period. Aurum. ISBN 1-84513-155-X
  • Dundes, Alan (1988). "April Fool and April Fish: Towards a Theory of Ritual Pranks". Etnofoor. 1 (1): 4–xiv. JSTOR 25757645.

External links [edit]

  • "Top 100 April Fools' Day hoaxes of all time". Museum of Hoaxes.
  • "April Fools' 24-hour interval On The Web: List of all known April Fools' 24-hour interval Jokes websites from 2004 until present".

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